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- Publisher :The Korean Housing Association
- Publisher(Ko) :한국주거학회
- Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Housing Association
- Journal Title(Ko) :한국주거학회논문집
- Volume : 37
- No :1
- Pages :101-111
- Received Date : 2025-12-31
- Revised Date : 2026-02-10
- Accepted Date : 2026-02-10
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2026.37.1.101


Journal of the Korean Housing Association





