All Issue

2026 Vol.37, Issue 2

Research Article

Investigation of Illuminance Levels and the Age-Friendly Application Status of Smart Lighting Systems in Elderly Care Facilities in Jingdezhen

징더전(景德镇) 노인요양시설의 조도 및 스마트 조명 시스템 고령친화 적용 실태 조사 연구

Yu Shen1
,
Miryum Chung2
심 육1
,
정 미렴2
1정회원(주저자), 가톨릭대학교 공간디자인학과 박사과정
2정회원(교신저자), 가톨릭대학교 공간디자인･소비자학과 교수
Corresponding AuthorMiryum Chung, Department of Spatial Design & Consumer Studies, The Catholic University of Korea. E-mail: mrchung@catholic.ac.kr
25 April 2026. pp. 001-015
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study examined age-friendly lighting characteristics and the application of IoT-based smart lighting systems in four representative elderly care facilities in Jingdezhen. The aim was to clarify how lighting conditions and operational features influence older adults’ subjective experiences. Data were collected through on-site illuminance measurements, spatial observations, questionnaires, and interviews, covering daytime and nighttime illuminance, lighting uniformity, luminaire layout, and system responsiveness. Reliability and validity tests (Cronbach’s α, KMO, Bartlett’s test) confirmed the measurement quality. Results indicate that although daytime illuminance generally met basic requirements, significant differences existed across facilities and spaces. Corridors, corners, and bedrooms and bathrooms in older buildings frequently showed dark spots, abrupt luminance transitions, and insufficient lighting. These conditions corresponded to lower ratings of path recognizability and nighttime walking safety, suggesting that lighting quality depends more on luminance continuity and stability than on average illuminance. Nighttime lighting was the weakest aspect, especially along bedroom-to-bathroom routes, where poor lighting compromised mobility safety. While smart lighting reduced operational burden, response delays and unstable adjustments weakened user trust, leading residents to view the systems as available but unreliable.

Keywords
Elderly Care Facility Lighting
Smart Lighting Systems
Age-Friendly Design
Illuminance Measurement
키워드
요양시설 조명
스마트 조명
고령친화 디자인
조도 측정
References
1

Bae, S. H., & Kim, K. Y. (2019). Relationship between subjective sensory impairment and cognitive function in Korean older adults: Focusing on data from the 2017 survey on the status of older adults. Korean Journal of Gerontology, 39(2), 389-404.

10.31888/JKGS.2019.39.2.389
2

Chen, Z., Sivaparthipan, C. B., & Muthu, B. (2022). IoT based smart and intelligent smart city energy optimization. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 49, 101724.

10.1016/j.seta.2021.101724
3

González, A. C. A., Cárdenas-García, C. L., Muñoz, J. A., & Mendoza-Moreno, M. A. (2020). Smart Lumini: A smart lighting system for academic environments using IoT-based open-source hardware. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, 29(54), 1-15.

10.19053/01211129.v29.n54.2020.11060
4

Green, J., Perkins, C., Steinbach, R., & Edwards, P. (2015). Reduced street lighting at night and health: a rapid appraisal of public views in England and Wales. Health & place, 34, 171-180.

10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.05.01126057894PMC4509526
5

He, N., & Wang, X. (2024). The influence of social support and health status on older adults’ concerns about aging. Aging Research, 11, 102-107.

6

Heidari, A., Amiri, Z., Jamali, M. A. J., & Jafari, N. (2024). Assessment of reliability and availability of wireless sensor networks in industrial applications by considering permanent faults. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 36(27), e8252.

10.1002/cpe.8252
7

Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396.

10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
8

Khemakhem, S., & Krichen, L. (2024). A comprehensive survey on an IoT-based smart public street lighting system application for smart cities. Franklin Open, 8, 100142.

10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100142
9

Kim, H. J., Kim, B. H., & Kim, O. S. (2011). The effect of visual and hearing impairment on depression and cognitive function among the elderly: 2008 Korea Aging Research Panel Survey. Journal of Adult Nursing, 23(6), 584-594.

10

Kim, M. H., Jin, J. H., & Ahn, K. W. (2010). Analysis of Characteristics and Behavior of Forest Recreation Among the Elderly. Journal of the Korean Society of Forest Recreation, 14(4), 1-8.

10.34272/forest.2010.14.4.006
11

Kunduraci, A. C. (2022). Lighting design for elderly living in residential care facilities. Light & Engineering, 30(5), 1-9.

10.33383/2022-018
12

Kwon, O. J. (2015). Actual conditions of safety accidents within the homes of the elderly and prevention measures for healthy living. Architecture, 59(2), 33-37.

13

Kwon, O. J., Lee, Y. M., Ha, H. H., Shin, H. I., & Kim, H. W. (2011). Characteristics of residential space usage by type of elderly single-person household. Journal of the Korean Housing Society, 22(4), 33-41.

10.6107/JKHA.2011.22.4.033
14

Lee, S. C., Park, Y. R., & Jung, E. H. (2016). An exploratory study on the relationship between the constructs of age-friendly environments perceived by the elderly and active aging. Seoul Urban Research, 17(2), 119-137.

15

Lim, J. H., & Lee, H. S. (2014). Alleviating loneliness among elderly living alone using lighting. Proceedings of the Korean Society of Interior Design Conference, Vol. 3, No. 1 (pp. 94-97), Seoul, South Korea.

16

Lu, X., Luo, Y., & Hu, B. (2022). Exploring older adults’ nighttime trips to the bathroom under different lighting conditions: An exploratory field study. HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 15(4), 167-182.

10.1177/1937586722111306735850598PMC9520131
17

Padikkapparambil, J., Ncube, C., Singh, K. K., & Singh, A. (2020). Internet of Things technologies for elderly health-care applications. In B. K. Tripathy & J. Anuradha (Eds.), Emergence of pharmaceutical industry growth with industrial IoT approach (pp. 217-243). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.

10.1016/B978-0-12-819593-2.00008-X
18

Seo, Y. J. (2024). Proposal of a visual search-based service concept for older adult users. Journal of the Korea Electronic Commerce Association, 29(3), 29-41.

10.7838/jsebs.2024.29.3.029
19

Wu, W. L., Xiao, D. J., Yang, L., & Lin, Z. (2025). Research on the current status, issues, and countermeasures of elderly care institutions in Jingdezhen. Frontiers of Social Sciences, 1(4), 1-14.

20

Yu, J., Ma, G., & Jiang, X. (2017). Impact of the built environment and care services within rural nursing homes in China on quality of life for elderly residents. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(6), 1170-1183.

10.1108/ECAM-08-2016-0187
21

Zaman, M., Puryear, N., Abdelwahed, S., & Zohrabi, N. (2024). A review of IoT-based smart city development and management. Smart Cities, 7(3), 1462-1501.

10.3390/smartcities7030061
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Housing Association
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국주거학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of the Korean Housing Association
  • Journal Title(Ko) :한국주거학회논문집
  • Volume : 37
  • No :2
  • Pages :001-015
  • Received Date : 2026-01-20
  • Revised Date : 2026-02-21
  • Accepted Date : 2026-02-24
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2026.37.2.001
Journal Informaiton Journal of the Korean Housing Association Journal of the Korean Housing Association
Archives
: the Korean Housing Association
  • NRF
  • KOFST
  • crossref crossmark
  • crossref cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close